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What enzyme shuts down gluconeogenesis?
fructose 1,6 phosphate
shuts down gluconeo when F6P or F26P concentrations rise

What two enzymes begin the process of breaking down glucose?
hexokinase in muscle and glucokinase in liver

What other sugar can hexokinase work on?
self quiz, these are the ones I need to remember for boards )
liveonearth: (Default)
Phew. Seems like I am constantly on the edge, but I keep passing, so I guess I'm doing something right. I even got honors in a couple classes, including the one in which I was shaking so hard that it was really tough to draw blood. Phew. Now I'm officially an ND3. I am still on the 4 year track, slated to graduate in 2011 with a lot of clinical experience already under my belt. I can't relax yet. I'm studying biochemistry today, in preparation for the Basic Science Boards. August 5. I'll get to relax after that.

I will be taking the first ever case-based NPLEX exam for ND's. What this means is that instead of having five sections (pathology, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, microbiology) it will have many cases each with 5 questions relating to the case. This makes it more interesting to me. I am studying biochemistry by looking up metabolic dysfunctions and understanding their chemical pathogenesis.
biochemistry nerdiness: mucopolysacchariosis nutshell )
liveonearth: (Default)
Methotraxate is one of the drugs often used in chemotherapy. It interferes with folate metabolism by acting as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. Without this enzyme, the cells are starved for tetrahydrofolate, and unable to make purines (adenine, guanine) and dTPM. This is especially toxic to fast-growing cells, like cancer cells.

How does a cancer become resistant to this drug?
answer )
liveonearth: (Default)
... should stop drinking and eat selenium.

Esophageal Cancer Risk Factors
ALDH2 Deficiency and Selenium
Jacob Schor ND FABNO
April 15, 2009
Full text of article received by email from denvernaturopathic.com )
liveonearth: (Default)
New data shows that vitamin D has more biochemical actions that anticipated:
--inhibits the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase
--increases intracellular glutathione levels-->helps remove mercury & other toxins from your body
--could be used to Tx neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases
--induces glioma cell death-->good for management of brain tumors?

According to Dr. Cannel, founder of the Vitamin D Council, in an interview:
--vitamin D is not a vitamin, but rather the only known substrate for a powerful repair and maintenance steroid hormone that is involved in numerous functions of your body and organs
--like all steroid hormones vit D regulates your body by turning your genes on or off
--you have about 2,000 genes that are directly influenced by vitamin D

SOURCES
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3K-45BCJ53-7&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=36fe7df09fbacd4b33fe816072a1793d
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2008/12/04/how-sunshine-and-vitamin-d-can-help-you-eliminate-mercury.aspx
liveonearth: (Default)
If LOW RBC, Hgb, or Hct
Then evaluate MCV & MCHC to determine if anemia is:
-microcytic hypochromic (MCV < 82 fL, MCHC < 30 g/dL)
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease (some cases)
Pyridoxine Responsive anemia (B6 deficiency)
Chronic blood loss
Lead poisoning
-normocytic normochromic (MCV 82-97 fL, MCHC 32-36 g/dL)
Acute blood loss
Early stage Iron deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia from any cause
Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)
Hereditary spherocytosis – osmotic fragility test
Aplastic Anemia
-macrocytic (MCV > 97 fL) (remember theoretical upper limit of 37 g/dL for MCHC)
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Cancer chemotherapy
Alcohol abuse
Liver disease
more )
liveonearth: (Default)

When it gets hot, I like to go jump in the river. The Oregonians think the river is too dangerous, too polluted. I was repeating this viewpoint minutes ago, while sitting in a kiddy pool in my back yard with one of the young reporters who lives downstairs. She told me that in late July there was a toxic algae bloom in the Tualatin River. The Tualatin flows into the Willamette at Lake Oswego.

Public Health officials advised boaters and swimmers to stay away from it, and put up signs to warn people to keep out and keep their animals away. The USGS reports that 8-9 dogs/year die of drinking blue-green algae infested water.
the toxins they aren't reporting about because they are so scarey )
liveonearth: (Default)
PGE1--reduce allergies, prevent inflam, increase stomach mucous prod, decrease BP, improve nerve fx, help promote immune response (which one? I think she means Th1 response)
nerdy stuff )

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